Aztecs 5 :: essays research papers

Analysis of an Aztec EncounterThe Spaniard and Aztec civilizations were two completely different worlds whose fated encounter caused some surprising reactions from both parties. Neither of these nations knew exactly what to look to or how to react to each other&8217s behaviors. Differences in religion, customs and weaponry became the deciding factors of who would be the dominant aggressor in these encounters. Even though both parties were unsure of what to expect, the Spaniards had already set a goal for themselves before they set foot in Mexico. They wanted to conquer the other nation and try them for anything of value. The climax of the Aztec Empire and the conquistadors occurred when Motecuhzoma and Cortes met face to face for the first time. The Spaniards as well as the Aztecs had no clue what to expect. Motecuhzoma told Cortes, &8220Our lord, you are weary. The journey has tired you, but at once you have arrived on earth&8230 to sit on your throne, under its canopy. This was due to the fact that the Aztec religion told of a god, Quetzalcoatl, who would come from the heavens and take his place as ruler of the Aztec Empire. Thus Motecuhzoma showered the Spaniards with many fine gifts. Unlike the Spaniards believed, these fine gifts were not really a scrape of Aztec submission but rather as a sign of wealth and power. In order to give proper respect to their so-called god, the Aztecs had to show that they were a worthy and powerful nation. The Spaniards took this as a weakness. They notion the Aztecs feared them, which boosted up their confidence level even though they were greatly outnumbered. The Spaniards had to communicate with the Aztecs by using La Malinche as an interpreter. She basically made the Aztecs believe that Cortes was a good man and would be cause them no harm. They also had other indigenous people who were allied with the Spanish. The Aztecs must have viewed this as a sign that these strangers would be peaceful since they had others of their kind on the Spaniard&8217s side. La Malinche translated all that Motecuhzoma had said to Cortes. On page sixty-four of The Broken Spears it says, &8220Cortes replied in his strange and wildcat tongue&8230 In other passages in the book it depicts the Spaniards as wild and uncivilized. This brings up another point that just as the Spaniards thought of the Aztecs as be barbaric, some Aztecs felt the same way about the Spaniards.

The Dialectical Model in Comparative Perspective Essays -- Science Phi

Mankind has not always isolated itself from nature. For the majority of his history, man recognized a need for a capable and intimate relationship with nature. Nature was his provider and caretaker, a benevolent nurturer intending no harm, a mold now known as organic. As the human head began to increasingly fashion matter to fit its purpose, however, technological innovation began to supplant nature as mans perceived source of sustenance. Thus technology began its ongoing ascent, becoming a means to subdue a primitive nature and raise man above his lowly origins. In short, a sweet hierarchical model of nature coalesced. Nevertheless, this relatively new paradigm could not entirely displace its predecessor, which evolved into an impotent longing embodied in the pastoral model. military personnel beings oscillate in their desires for these dominant models of nature, each possessing appeal within appropriate contexts. This underlying struggle suggests their inadequacy as singularly accurate depictions of nature, and a ternion model must replace these outdated modes of thinking. The dominant models serve as guides to this third model a few modifications of their flaws actually help form its foundation. This model is known as the dialectical model, and consists of a unity of all opposites and entities. While every model of nature seeks to engender a proper appreciation of nature, some are inconsistent on this point this observation explains why they must generally suppress all others. The dialectical model attempts to remove such a need by discarding the notion of an independent human existence. By analyzing these models through history and contemporary examples, the dialectical model emerges as a resolution of some(prenominal) inconsistencies in previous mo... ...ted. An integrated, cognizant existence within an undivided nature provides the entire basis one needs to evaluate human activities. Proper mental test of the whole is born of proper placement of the self.Works CitedRedclift, Michael, and Graham Woodgate, ed. Sociology and the Environment. Social Theory and the Global Environment. London Routledge, 1995.Ross, Carolyn, ed. Writing Nature. New York St. Martins Press, 1995.Emerson, Ralph Waldo. Nature. Ross 421-423.Oates, Joyce Carol. Against Nature. Ross 458-463.Handouts Bibliographical knowledge UnavailableMartin, Emily. Body Narratives, Body Boundaries.Merchant, Carolyn. Nature as Female.Nash, Roderick. Wilderness and the American Mind.RepresentationsMaxim. Feb. 2001.16 Feb. 2001 16 Feb. 2001 http//www.particleadventure.org/frameless/chart.html

Pearl Buck: The Bridge Builder :: essays research papers fc

Pearl Buck The Bridge BuilderHumans fear and loathe that which they do not understand. This fact has been sure for ages and still exists today. Fortunately, there are people such as Pearl Buck. People like her see the injustice in this simple fact and take to break down the walls of separation between other people. She took on the seemingly impossible task of building a bridge across the Pacific ocean to China from America and broke down many walls through her writings, doing a great service to many.Biographical InformationPearl Sydenstricker Buck started her eventful life story as Pearl Comfort Sydenstricker in Hillsboro, Virginia on June 26, 1892. Important events took place before this that made her birth even more special than a convening birth. Theodore Harris says that Bucks mother Carie married a man named Andrew Sydenstricker, a Presbyterian relegationary in China. The couple had a daughter and raised her there. When the child was quadruple years old, she and her moth er contracted cholera. Only the mother survived (18).Buck was born two years after this tragedy while the family was on hiatus from their mission work in China. When Buck was three months old, they returned to Chinkiang, China. According to Theodore Harris, Buck spent her whole childhood there with many Chinese influences. Wang Amah, a Chinese nurse, support her mother. She played with Chinese children and lived in a house along the Yangtze River (30-31). These influences later played an integral role in Bucks success as a novelist. The Encyclopedia Britannica Online says Bucks early schooling was received in Shanghai. Later, she returned to the United States and graduated from Randolph-Macon Womans College in the year 1914. After graduation, Buck went back off to China and became a college professor in Nanking (1).According to Dr. Bette Reagan, Pearl Comfort Sydenstricker married John Lossing Buck, also a missionary in China, and became known as Pearl Sydenstricker Buck. The cere mony took place in China in 1917. During their marriage, the couple had a daughter named Carol. While delivering the baby a uterine tumor was lay out in Buck, forcing her to have a hysterectomy. This left her with no possibility of bearing children again. To add to the pain of this blow, Buck later noticed that their only child was mentally retarded, suffering from a disease called PKU. The family decided to return to the United States to place Carol in a care facility in Vineland, New jersey (1).

Behind Convicts Eyes by Cerceral Prison Essay -- Behind Convicts Ey

Behind a Convicts Eyes by K.C. CerceralIntroductionThis paper is about the handwriting Behind a Convicts Eyes by K.C. Cerceral. This earmark was written by a young man who enters prison house on a life sentence and describes the world around him. Life in prison is a subculture of its own, this subculture has its own society, language and cast system. The book describes incidents that occupy happen in prison to inmates. With this paper I pass on attempt to explain the elbow room of life in a prison from an inmates view. Understanding Prison LifeAfter reading the book I have gained a saucy rationality of what inmates think about in prison. Working in an institution, I have a certain cynical attitude at times with inmates and their requests. Working in a reception facility, this is a facility where inmates are brought in from the county jails to the state intake facility, we deal with a lot of requests and questions. At times, with the phone ringing absent the hook from family m embers and inmates with their prison request forms, you get a little cynical and tired of answering the same questions over and over. As I read the book I begin to understand some of the reason for the questions. Inmate(s) now realize that the officers and administrative personnel are in control of their lives. They dictate with to get up in the morning, take showers, eat meals, go to classes, the need see people for different reason, when to exercise and when to go to bed. The lost of control over their lives is a cutting experience for some and they would like to be able to adjust to this new lost of freedom. Upon understanding this and in reading the book, I am not as cynical as I have been and try to be more patient in answering questions. So in a way I have changed some of my thinking and understanding more of prison life.Describe Strategies and Compare with Voices from the FieldSome of the adaptation strategies used by ?Anonymous? and the opposite inmates in prison where to use nicknames to feel more individual and unique. Being in prison can cause you to lose your identity as a person, most inmates are known by numbers. Another strategy was to conform to the schedule of the prisons. You can not eat when you want, shower, get up, go to recreation and go to bed. Everyone has a schedule and working with this schedules helps to learn how to cope. Also Anonymous and other inmates would take cla... ...y. As the book showed ?dad abuses and blames everyone, mom yells at the kids, the older children yell at the younger children, and the youngest child kicks the cat.? (Carceral, 2004, pp. 200). The youngest child is not able to understand what is really going on and feels worthless and not loved without conditions. This child will turn to where they will get attention. This can lead to undesirable associates and into crime. As the child grows older, and has children of this/her own the syndrome is passed on. ConclusionI have to say the reading gave me a diffe rent outlook on what inmates? do and think while in prison. They become a number not a person and do have needs that have to be address. Addressing these needs will help in running an institution smoothly and more safely. Finally Anonymous makes a almighty statement in the writing of this book on some policies that should be changed in prisons. I really enjoyed reading this book and having maybe a new outlook in dealing with inmates.ReferencesCarceral, K.C., (2004), Behind a Convict?s Eyes, Wadsworth, Thomson LearningSchmid, Thomas & Jones, Richard, (2001), Voices from the Field, Wadsworth,Thomson Learning

Three Arthurian Misfits of Gawain and the Green Knight :: Essays Papers

Three Arthurian Misfits of Gawain and the Green KnightHevys hys handys unrivalled heghte, and to the h neverthelesse lokesQwhythene hade Dryghttyne destaynede at his dere willeThat he hade demyd me todaye to dy for yow alle. p. 264Awholly determined and brave commitment, mouthed by a gracious king. The Gawain poet, merely approaches Arthur much differently in his tale. In stanza five, he describes the emotional nature of the king, who makes rash demands as a rule in the first place eating. Stanza twelve shows us a king who is overwhelmed in speech by the Green Knight, and who seems to develop ignored the take exceptionrs statement of peace completely. Finally, the court is utterly ridiculed, to a point at which Arthur accepts the challenge rashly in stanza fifteen, akin to a child winning a swing at an another(prenominal) after so much urging. The usual approval and courtesy with which King Arthur is usually endowed is clearly subverted by these stanzas in Gawain and the Gree n Knight, seemingly to no object other than comedy. Here we shall discuss the elements of the troika stanzas described above, with their uncharacterisitic treatment of Arthur, and take a deeper look into their purpose within the poem.Stanza five elaborates on Arthurs desire to hear a marvelous tale before he joins in the feast. He appears to stand - He stightles stif in stalle (104) he is not seated at the head of the feasting table, next to Guinevere as he should be. Instead, he is ready to listen to a tale Of alderes, of armes, of other aventurus (95) or joust with a challenging knight - with the risk of losing his life. The wish of the king for acid sport seems inappropriate in the Christmas setting of the poem, possibly even irreverent in light of the religious aspects of the holiday. Though the kings demands are childish or child-gered (86), he sets the scene for the appearance of the Green Knight, which effectively fulfills the request as Arthur that aventure byholdes (250) in stanza twelve. The impression of Arthur delivered by the poet is not a dauntless, seasoned leader, but an impatient, belligerent boy. We already know of his strange pre-dining antics, and we are also told that, His lif liked hym lyght, he lovied the lasse Auther too longe lye or too longe sitte, (87-88). He is too restless to stay lying or sitting for long, and thus he stands at the the end of the stanza.Three Arthurian Misfits of Gawain and the Green Knight Essays PapersThree Arthurian Misfits of Gawain and the Green KnightHevys hys handys one heghte, and to the hevene lokesQwhythene hade Dryghttyne destaynede at his dere willeThat he hade demyd me todaye to dy for yow alle. p. 264Awholly determined and brave commitment, mouthed by a gracious king. The Gawain poet, however approaches Arthur much differently in his tale. In stanza five, he describes the hot-blooded nature of the king, who makes rash demands as a rule before eating. Stanza twelve shows us a king who is overwh elmed in speech by the Green Knight, and who seems to have ignored the challengers statement of peace completely. Finally, the court is utterly ridiculed, to a point at which Arthur accepts the challenge rashly in stanza fifteen, akin to a child taking a swing at another after so much urging. The usual grace and courtesy with which King Arthur is usually endowed is clearly subverted by these stanzas in Gawain and the Green Knight, seemingly to no purpose other than comedy. Here we shall discuss the elements of the three stanzas described above, with their uncharacterisitic treatment of Arthur, and take a deeper look into their purpose within the poem.Stanza five elaborates on Arthurs desire to hear a marvelous tale before he joins in the feast. He appears to stand - He stightles stif in stalle (104) he is not seated at the head of the feasting table, next to Guinevere as he should be. Instead, he is ready to listen to a tale Of alderes, of armes, of other aventurus (95) or joust wit h a challenging knight - with the risk of losing his life. The wish of the king for deadly sport seems inappropriate in the Christmas setting of the poem, possibly even irreverent in light of the religious aspects of the holiday. Though the kings demands are childish or child-gered (86), he sets the scene for the appearance of the Green Knight, which effectively fulfills the request as Arthur that aventure byholdes (250) in stanza twelve. The impression of Arthur delivered by the poet is not a dauntless, seasoned leader, but an impatient, belligerent boy. We already know of his strange pre-dining antics, and we are also told that, His lif liked hym lyght, he lovied the lasse Auther too longe lye or too longe sitte, (87-88). He is too restless to stay lying or sitting for long, and thus he stands at the the end of the stanza.

Climate Change in India Essay -- Global Warming Essays

Information regarding India s climate dates back for thousands of years. The reason for this is that India was once ruled by the empire of horse parsley the Great in 300 B.C. horse parsleys empire was one of the first western civilizations to keep environmental and meteorological records in writing. Thus, from just slightly the western worlds beginning, India s environmental records have existed in writing. However, although no written documents regarding Indias weather and climate exist prior to Alexanders era, we can assume certain climatic conditions and changes prior to 300 B.C. due to the known history of native civilizations that previously existed. Between the years 2500 and 1700 B.C., the Indus vale in the northwest portion of todays India fostered homes for great civilizations. Around the cities of Harappa and Mohenjodaro large civilizations flourished. In order to understand why such(prenominal) great civilizations existed in the Indus valley during this period, it is esse ntial to understand the climatic conditions that existed there at the time and whether or not the fall of these civilizations correlated with both climatic changes. When examined closely, it is quite ostensible that the Indus valley was home to great civilizations between 2500 and 1700 B.C. directly as a result of the abundance of water in the region. Furthermore, the decline of these civilizations and the absence of any such great civilizations existing shortly thereafter is a direct result of the continual lessening amounts of water for the millennium to follow. Between 2500 and 1700 B.C., the Indus valley had an annual rainwater of 400 to 800 mm. This annual rainfall was the ideal amount of water needed for this specific region to harbor great civilizations. ... ...hese paddy fields are highly vulnerable to salinization which means that a rise in sea levels would probably destroy the coastlines agriculture. The effects of such climate changes would be so toilsome on India be cause its coastline is home for much of the countrys social infrastructure. In addition, India s tourism industry is almost entirely reliant on its beaches. electric potential oil reserves along India s coastline are also at risk to be lost with rises in sea levels which could possibly eliminate any potential natural riches existing in India. It is predicted that with a 1 meter rise in sea levels along Indias coastline, 1,700 square kilometers of countrified land would be destroyed, putting 7.1 million Indian at risk.SourcesLamb, H.H. Climate, History and the Modern World. www.teriin.org/climate/climate.htmwww.teriin.org/climate/impacts.htm

Climate Change in India Essay -- Global Warming Essays

Information regarding India s climate dates back for thousands of years. The reason for this is that India was once ruled by the empire of Alexander the Great in 300 B.C. Alexanders empire was one of the first western civilizations to keep environmental and meteorological records in writing. Thus, from just about the western worlds beginning, India s environmental records have make uped in writing. However, although no written documents regarding Indias weather and climate exist prior to Alexanders era, we can assume certain climatic conditions and changes prior to 300 B.C. due to the known history of native civilizations that previously existed. between the years 2500 and 1700 B.C., the Indus vale in the northwest portion of todays India fostered homes for great civilizations. Around the cities of Harappa and Mohenjodaro large civilizations flourished. In order to understand why such(prenominal) great civilizations existed in the Indus valley during this period, it is essential to understand the climatic conditions that existed there at the time and whether or not the fall of these civilizations correlated with any climatic changes. When examined closely, it is quite evident that the Indus valley was home to great civilizations between 2500 and 1700 B.C. directly as a result of the abundance of water in the region. Furthermore, the decline of these civilizations and the absence of any such great civilizations existing shortly thereafter is a direct result of the continual lessening amounts of water for the millennium to follow. Between 2500 and 1700 B.C., the Indus valley had an annual rainfall of 400 to 800 mm. This annual rainfall was the ideal amount of water needed for this specific region to harbor great civilizations. ... ...hese paddy palm are extremely vulnerable to salinization which means that a rise in sea levels would probably destroy the coastlines agriculture. The effects of such climate changes would be so profound on India because its coast line is home for much of the countrys social infrastructure. In addition, India s tourism industry is almost entirely reliant on its beaches. Potential oil reserves along India s coastline are also at risk to be lost with rises in sea levels which could perhaps eliminate any potential natural riches existing in India. It is predicted that with a 1 meter rise in sea levels along Indias coastline, 1,700 square kilometers of agricultural land would be destroyed, putting 7.1 million Indian at risk.SourcesLamb, H.H. Climate, History and the Modern World. www.teriin.org/climate/climate.htmwww.teriin.org/climate/impacts.htm

Characterization in Science Fiction

Characterization in perception Fiction Kirill Kachinsky 03/30/2010 Introduction By analyzing Isaac Asimovs, The Caves of make as a work of the Science Fiction genre and its comparison to similar works in the genre as well as backing texts, it will be clear to see how characterization amongst the five literary elements merely serves as a secondary discussion point within the work, as its non involvement proves valuable for the other literary element maturation.Caves of Steel character analysis Caves of Steel by Isaac Asimov proves to show throughout,that the lack of character detail and exploitation allows for other literary elements such as setting and narration to benefit and create more interest for the avid Science Fiction reader. Characters such as Robot Daneel, Commissioner Enderby and Elijah Baley make it possible for the narrator to concentrate on the setting of the story, providing the readers with a grand visual of a futuristic city and an acute disposition of the dev elopment of social interaction in a foreseeable future.Flat characters in Science Fiction as vehicles for literary element development As for the fear of manufacturing the uncontrollable that was mentioned in the earlier section, primitive technology and its exploration is seen in the story, The anomic Machine by John Wyndham. Even though The Lost Machine is social science fiction and focusing on the human aspect more rather than the technical aspect of its genre predecessors, none the slight the flat characterization of human characters is present.The story centers on a robot exploring Earth and realizing that our technology is primitive because were afraid of anything thats superior to us humans are portrayed as archaic beasts compared even to the robot as one human tries to sell the robot to another human, Im takin it to a place I know ofit ought to be worth a bit. Once again the simplicity of a greedy human becomes a vehicle for the robot to further describe and interpret the people of Earth and its surroundings in its own point of view, or rather once again, qualification narration a call literary element in the story.The benefit and/or drawback of flat characterization The benefits of flat characterization are obvious. There is more than more room for development of literary elements that are key to the genre of Science Fiction. But of course to every advantage there is a disadvantage, such mentioned earlier and put forth by Clyde F. Beck a simple argument in which characterization should be more developed to engage the reader.In A Conversation with Isaac Asimov, Asimov simply states its a trade off in Science Fiction of one for the other, since the setting is so descriptive, in and of itself it is a character, I meant also that spending time on background takes time away from your characters. You dont have characterization as its usually understood by most people. If you numerate your background society as a character, that society has all kinds of characterization. Asimovs statement holds true upon almost any Science Fiction novel, whether discovering or destroying worlds, the key literary elements do not include characterization, that element would most likely best well in a drama. Conclusion Caves of Steel like some(prenominal) Science Fiction works of literature contain certain prominent literary elements such as setting, style and narration.Although the literary element of characterization is not as prominent as the others, its absence is none the less important to any work of Science Fiction as its emptiness becomes the vehicle for the development of a good work of Science Fiction a work full of descriptive setting, a setting that almost takes place of a full developed character. Works Cited Asimov, Isaac. The Caves of Steel. New York Bantam, 1991. Print. Ingersoll, Earl G. Isaac Asimov, Gregory Fitz Gerald, Jack Wolf, Joshua Duberman, and Robert Philmus. A Conversation with Isaac Asimov. Science Fiction Studies 14. 1 (1987) 68-77. Print. Smith, E. E. The Skylark of Space. Lincoln, Neb. University of Nebraska, 2001. Print. Westfahl, Gary. The Popular Tradition of Science Fiction Criticism. Science Fiction Studies 26. 2 (1999) 187-212. Web. Wyndham, John, and Angus Wells. The Best of John Wyndham 1932-1949. London Sphere, 1973. Print.

Criminal Liability Essay

In fair play in that respect is a fundamental principle which is guaranteed by the constitution that all(prenominal) person is innocent until proven to be guilty by the courts of impartiality, in flagitious law there be two principles of criminal liability which check to be relied upon in order to determine the guilt or innocence of the charge person. Therefore the aim of this essay is to discuss the two principles of law for criminal liability with reference to the Penal Code Act, Chapter Eighty Seven (87) of the Laws of Zambia and Zambian decided cases. In order to effectively do this, the essay imparting mother by generally talking about the two principles of law for criminal liability which are the Actus reus and the mens rea and in order to critically discuss them, focus will be made on the Homicide offence of murder with the use of relevant Zambian cases. The terms Actus reus and Mens rea are derived from the Latin Maxim Actus non facit reum mens sit rea which mean that there force outnot be such a thing as legal guilt where there is no moral guilt.The learned author Simon E Kulusika defines Actus reus as some(prenominal) fleck or omission or state of affairs as laid down in the translation of the particular crime charged in addition to any surrounding massand the mens rea as the state of mind or fault which is required in the definition of the crime in interrogatoryIn order for a person to be criminally liable it has to be turn up by the prosecution beyond reasonable doubt that such a person had committed the required guilty act or actus reus which is the physical element and had the necessary mental state or mens rea although this is not endlessly the case as some criminal offences do not require the mens rea for liability to be established.Some of the cases which do not require establishment of the mens rea are offences referred to as offences of unmitigated liability. In Patels Bazaar limited v The People4 it was stated that proo f of the mens rea is not necessary to establish a strict liability offence, this was a case in which the accused was convicted for the strict liability offence of selling unwholesome bread. Generally speaking in criminal law in order to establish criminal liability certain elements of the crime alleged to have been committed must be identified, the first being the suffer prohibited or actus reus, secondly the state of mind or fault element which is required when defining the crime in question also referred to as mens rea and thirdly proof of lack of a defence which might vitiate any of the twoprinciples of criminal liability. As earlier alluded to, for the purposes of this assignment focus will be put on the homicide offence of Murder in trying to discuss these two principles of law of criminal liability.To establish the actus reus of murder it has to be proved that there is wrongful killing of a person, the death following within a day and a year of the infliction of the fatal ps ychic trauma,this is evident in Section 200 of our Penal Code Act 6 which provides Any person who of malice aforethought causes the death of another person by an unlawful act or omission is guilty of murder. In this section the actus reus is identified as causing death of another person by an unlawful act or omission and the mens rea is the malice aforethought. In Chitenge v The People it was held that the actus reus of murder is that there is a dead body, in this case the appellant having had fought with his title-holder went to the friends house and set it on fire burning a person that was inside leading to the death of that person. The dead burnt body sufficed as actus reus despite the defendant not actually having had checked as to whether there was a person in the house or not. Coming to the mens rea, the requirement is that the accused person must have malice aforethought. The term malice aforethought is used to describe the mens rea of murder and it simply means that the men s rea must not diminish as an afterthought. In the case of Mbomena Moola v the people, the appellant was convicted of murder of his aim after he poisoned his maheu drink.In his confession the appellant stated that he poisoned his father so that he could die because he believed that he was the one who bewitched his children. In this case the courts held that it was quiet clear that the accused had the necessary mens rea for murder as he expressly intended on causing death of his victim. Taking into consideration the circumstances given in the question where the accused is charged with murder in which the mens rea is that the accused must be malice aforethought and the actus reus being the death which is satisfactory in this case, it is worth noting that where offences complained of happened during participation in a sport, the accused cannot be held to be criminally liable as in law it is believed that when participants to a sporting game give consent they do so to all the risks of injury that may take place as a result of accidents that may take place during the sport including death.Therefore applying the two principles of law of criminal liability to the given facts it can be stated that thoughthe actus reus was present, that is the death of Mr Mudenda, Mr Chisolo lacked the necessary mens rea to be convicted for murder and can also not be convicted of manslaughter due to the fact that the death or actus reus was as a result of an accident in a sport of which consent by the participants vitiates criminal liability. In conclusion it can be stated that this essay has identified two principles of law of criminal liability which are the actus reus and the mens rea. It has being discussed that the actus reus refers to whatever act or omission or state of affairs as laid down in the definition of the particular crime charged in addition to any surrounding circumstances and an example was given in the offence of murder. The mens rea with reference to murder was a lso discussed as the state of mind or fault which is required in the definition of the crime in question and that criminal liability cannot be inferred if the offence complained of took place during the occurrence of a sport as consent vitiates it.BIBLIOGRAPHYBOOKSKulusika S. E, Criminal law in Zambia text, cases and materials UNZA press. Lusaka. 2006 Sir Smith J and Hogan B, Criminal law Cases and materials, sixth edition Dublin & Edinburgh. Butterworth. 1996 CASESChitenge v the people (1996) ZR 37Mbomena Moola v the people (2000) ZR 148 SCSTATUTESThe Penal Code Act, Chapter 87 of the laws of Zambia.

How to be successful person?

Nowadays, there are many successful athletes, who dedicated their lives to be healthy, because inA Healthy Mind In a Healthy Body. We all know that sports play an important role in our life, but to become a true sportsman one should take in the quality of head an heart We should take athletes as specimen for us, because of their courage and ambitions.. One of the most important quality of a sportsman is sportsman ship. sportswoman ship means the true spirit of taking part in sports. A sportsman should never use unfair means for personal gain.Sportsmen should strongly avert on eating fast food because fast food contains excess amount of fat and salt which is unfavourable and an obstacle to becoming a successful sportsman. An excellent sportsman incorporates many traits such as powerful physique, keen senses, discipline, calm and yet gregarious and outgoing. Enough sleep and rest is in addition a major requisite for becoming a successful sportsman. A sportsman also should have for esight quick thinking, especially during the team play, for example football.As for me, becoming a successful sportsman just requires integrity and perseverance. If you want to be successful person in your live, you should have some important qualities in your extension. In the world there are many successful persons in different area. For example, Margaret Thatcher was a British politician who was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. She was the longest-serving British Prime Minister of the 20th century and is the only woman to have held the office.Margaret Thatcher was hard-working person, who very want to achieve her aim in life. No doubt, that in her character was qualities as determination, diplomacy, foresight, discipline. If you want to achieve success how Margaret Thatcher, you should also have quick thinking, power of persuasion. Another key to be success is in good education. If you canvas hard, you receive great result and big intellect, which help you have everyth ing, that you want.

Quality Management

fervency employs 3 full-time workers year round and 7 seasonal employees in the summer months. Elan forethought has been successful through the con injections it has with one of Americas top builders, DRP Horton. DRP Horton has chosen Elan Management as one Of its go-to counsel communities in the Atlanta metro ara. Elan does a good job of tonus control in keeping the clients happy but there are several competitors in this industry and in order for the company to grow, Elan leave behind contend to implement ways to improve quality through quality planning and assurance. Robber Statement We are focused on becoming the go-to firm for other builders in the metro Atlanta area. We have deiced that we have an issue with quality planning and implementation which is c each for if the company is to grow in the next few years as it would like. Elan is looking to obtain on average 3- 4 new clients per year. The live quality planning initiatives are basically non-existent. It appears t o be more of a go with the flow type of planning. In other words, if something comes up, then it will be handled, if non no one worries astir(predicate) it.This process is not sustain able for growth and the company will never gain more clientele. We need to in integrated procedures on how to build clientele and implement those procedures timely. When Elan Management opened in 2008, we had 6 clients (communities). Over the next 4 years, we gained 8 more clients. These clients were assigned to us directly by the builder of the communities. There was no effort on our part to obtain the communities. In the past 2 years, 4 of the communities have since dark over to the homeowners and we no longer manage them.The goal of all homeowners associations is to correcttually turnover to the homeowners if they are willing. If we are unable to develop better quality prudence skills, we will eventually have no clients and will continue to wait for DRP Horton or other builders to provide hem t o us instead of us attempting to gravel the clients on our own. Literature Review As stated by Catalina In the current market economy, companies are constantly struggling to achieve a keep up competitive advantage that will enable them to improve performance, which results in increased competitiveness, and of course, profit.Among the few competitive advantages that can become sustainable competitive advantages, quality plays a crucial 234) In the current state, Elan cannot compete with those top local instruction agencies such as Community Management Associates or All stead Management which have oratorios that is considerably larger than ours. We have to be willing to create ways to better market our company to potential clients. Although, we are able to maintain the quality with our current clients, future clients are seemingly unaware of our existence.As stated by Crosby There is no such thing as a quality problem. Problems originate in functional plane sections. Thus, a firm may experience accounting problems, manufacturing problems, design problems, technical support problems, and so on. In Crosby view, these are all quality problems, but the burden of the responsibility for solving them falls on these national departments and not in the quality department. The role of the quality department should be to measure conformance, report results, and provide leadership and support to drive quality improvement. (p. 3) Since Elan Management is such a small company, there is no dedicated quality department to turn to for answers on quality improvement so each individual employee in some way will need to contribute to the quality process. According to Schroeder, Managers and employees should be trained in the quality initiatives the company has implemented. Employees should be a part of the process in developing methods to helper in vanquishting other employees involved in quality improvement and acceptance. (p. 6) As I stated above, since Elan doesnt have a quality attention team, all employees should have input in the quality process.Not only will it benefit the clients that we serve but it will also increase employee morale. Although there are only 3 full-time employees, having them involved would show them that they are appreciated and their opinions are valued. According to Kenton, the process of collaborative planning can promote networks, coordination, and buy-in that promotes implementation, even if the plan itself is not directly influential. (p. 436) So, having a bottom-up approach and including members of the entire company is beneficial overall even if it doesnt fully result in what was expected. The quality experience process occurs when firms (alone or with customers) deliver attributes for customers to experience and customers perceive these attributes through the lens of their measurement knowledge and motivation, emotions, and expectations. (Colder, p. 4) Incorporating ways to enhance the customer experience is cri tical. Including customers in the process through voice-of-the-customer (VOCE) analysis with customer input would be helpful. Many organizations currently invest in quality improvement programmers.However, the literature has revealed that many companies matte up that the quality improvement programmers had fallen short of their expectations and that these programmers were not generating the anticipated improvements (L am, 1997). The key reason for this gap between quality improvement expectations and the realization of benefits is the absence of an stiff quality planning process before its implementation (Curran and Godlier, 2000). Thus, quality planning is identified as the most significant phase in a corporate quality management process requiring ore attention. (Generate, p. 02) As Generate states, quality plan inning is pertinent to the quality management process. Companies have to create a fix cut plan in order to become successful. In order for companies to be in a position to improve and offer a high standard of quality, they must come up with avenues to make it happen. Analysis Elan Managements problem starts with the lack of a quality planning process. By not having a quality plan, we are not allowing ourselves to improve and go after what we want, which is increased clientele. Elan blames a lot Of its lack Of progression on the size Of he company rather than its lack of utilizing available resources.Just because the company is small does not mean that it cannot grow and be as successful as those larger management firms in the area. The owner must realize the importance of providing quality to the clients and how we have managed for this long. Clearly, we are capable since we are still in business. Although, an actually quality management department cannot be created with the amount of staff we have, it is possible to hire an expert that could lead us in the right direction. Project management requires achieving cost, schedule, and performance arr ests sequence providing an outcome that satisfies the client.A measure of the value of the project to the client is the level of quality associated with the completed project. (Liberator, p. 422) For Elan, our project is simply how do we get more clients and once we get the clients how do we not only keep them but also have them to refer others to us as well. With property management, our clients are the room of Directors for each community. If the Board feels we are doing a great job, they will be more inclined when a friend or relative gives them a horror story about their HOW management many, to let them know about us and all the things we offer that would benefit their community.Recommendations have a few recommendations for Elan Management. First, I would suggest root-cause analysis. In root-cause analysis, organizations must identify the root causes of their quality problems and fix them rather than only dealing with the symptoms of the problems. In order to get to the root of the problem, Six Sigma should be used. In the Analyze phase, we ask the 5 Whys to get to the root. By starting here, we begin to see what how the problem arose and leading to the next steps o resolve them.Secondly, I would suggest benchmarking which is when the company examines other like companies so they are able to take actions that will lead to performance improvement. Researching your competition is essential as you all are reaching out to the same clients. Whichever company has the better plan or more knowledgeable, better quality product or service will more than likely surpass the others. Elan needs to plan, plan, and plan in order to be successful. Allowing the company to basically move freely without structure is not going to allow Elan to receive the type of clients hey want or even gain more clients.